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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0649\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 : ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 : \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a ” \u060c \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :
1\/ \u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 :
\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 1799 \u2013 1829 \u0645 ( \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a ).
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 1829\u0640 1859\u0645 ( \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a ) .
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 1859-1889\u0645 ( \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 ).
2\/\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 :
\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 1889-1919\u0645.
\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1919-1949\u0645.
\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1949-1979\u0645.
\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u0647 1979 – 2009\u0645.
3\/ \u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 :
\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 2009 \u2013 2039 .
\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 2039- 2069 .
\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 2069- 2099 .
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